1
Spot signs of a reaction
Use clues such as gas evolution, colour change, temperature change, precipitate formation and new substance formation.
Chapter route
Chemical Reactions and Equations
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Ordered curriculum items
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2
Chemical or physical change?
Classify changes based on whether a new substance is formed and whether the change is usually reversible.
3
Find reactants and products
Identify starting substances and substances formed from a word problem, lab note or diagram.
4
Explain everyday chemical changes
Use evidence to explain examples such as rusting, burning, curd formation, cooking and digestion.
5
Read a chemical equation
Interpret symbols, formulae, plus signs and arrows as a sentence about a reaction.
6
Write word equations
Convert a reaction description into a clear word equation with reactants and products.
7
Build skeletal equations
Use correct chemical formulae to write unbalanced symbol equations.
8
Use state symbols correctly
Identify and use symbols such as solid, liquid, gas and aqueous in reaction equations.
9
Why balance equations?
Connect balancing equations with the law of conservation of mass.
10
Balance simple equations
Use atom counts on both sides to balance equations with small coefficients.
11
Balance equations with groups
Treat unchanged polyatomic ions as groups where appropriate while balancing.
12
Fix balancing mistakes
Check equations for unequal atom counts and correct coefficient errors.
13
Balance lab reaction equations
Balance equations for common Class X reactions such as quicklime with water or copper sulphate with iron.
14
Identify combination reactions
Recognise reactions where two or more reactants form a single product.
15
Identify decomposition reactions
Recognise reactions where one compound breaks into simpler substances.
16
Compare decomposition types
Identify whether heat, light or electricity causes a decomposition reaction.
17
Identify displacement reactions
Recognise when a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from a compound.
18
Identify double displacement reactions
Recognise exchange of ions between two compounds in solution.
19
Spot precipitate formation
Predict or recognise formation of an insoluble solid in a reaction.
20
Choose the reaction type
Use both observations and balanced equations to decide the reaction category.
21
Heat released or absorbed?
Classify reactions based on whether heat is released or absorbed.
22
Use temperature clues
Infer exothermic or endothermic behaviour from temperature observations.
23
Energy in everyday reactions
Explain energy changes in respiration, combustion, photosynthesis and thermal decomposition.
24
Find oxidation
Recognise oxidation in simple reactions using oxygen and hydrogen transfer.
25
Find reduction
Recognise reduction in simple reactions using oxygen and hydrogen transfer.
26
Recognise redox reactions
Identify reactions in which oxidation and reduction occur together.
27
Explain corrosion
Connect rusting and other corrosion examples with oxidation of metals.
28
Explain rancidity
Describe how oxidation spoils fats and oils and how antioxidants or storage methods reduce it.
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